Unveiling Ernest Hemingway s clandestine career (Book Review)

Title: Writer Sailor Soldier Spy: Ernest Hemingway s Secret Adventures 1935-1961; Author: Nicholas Reynolds; Publisher: William Morrow/HarperCollins; Pages: 384; Price: Rs 799

Among the great American authors of the 20th century if not the greatest Ernest Hemingway was not only known for his terse minimal style but also his adventurous larger-than-life persona. Yet in his last decade he only wrote two works while his robust health declined to the point that he chose to end his life. Why did he enter this twilight zone? It was the pressure of his actions as a premature anti-fascist at the beginning of World War II that weighed on him in the hysteric atmosphere of he Red Scare in the US as the Cold War flared up contends Nicholas Reynolds in this riveting hitherto unknown account of the literary icon s latter life. Stressing the author s involvement with mid-twentieth-century spycraft was far more complex sustained and fraught with risks than has been previously understood he reveals before a complex set of secret relationships with various American agencies Hemingway had even agreed to cooperate with the Soviet NKVD. And how to what extent and what its consequences were is the story that Reynolds unveils here with verve -- and balance -- for he is no sensationalist. Having substantial proof as well as credentials for his claim he shows the truth is more nuanced than the bare revelation would have us believe (Hemingway fans especially have no reason to fear). A historian turned Marine turned CIA operative who ended up as the historian of the CIA Museum he tells us that this book originated when he researching for an exhibit on CIA s World War II-forerunner the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) made an off-hand connection one day that would lead to deep waters. Remembering reading earlier that Hemingway and an OSS colonel had liberated the bar of the Ritz Hotel in Paris from the Germans in August 1944 he wondered if there was more to the story. Reynolds started digging among every source he could find and after a few months found the outline of a very different portrait of Hemingway noting that the writer had -- almost obsessively I thought -- tried his hand at various forms of fighting and spying from 1937 as well as during World War II. The settings were varied often exotic: the battlefields of Spain the backstreets of Havana a junk on the North River in China. And it was then he came across the surprising fact that Hemingway had signed on with another intelligence service one that did not fit the conventional narrative of his life -- the predecessor of the KGB. And while it was like an elbow deep in the gut for the lifelong Hemingway admirer Reynolds persevered till he found as much of the story as possible as well how this influenced Hemingway art and even life -- and death. It begins with Hemingway setting out in September 1935 on his new cabin cruiser to Florida s upper Keys to help survivors of the one most powerful hurricanes to hit America and how this influenced his political outlook. Taking an extensive look at his experiences in the Spanish Civil War which would be reflected in some of his best work before coming to his ecruitment by the Soviets (he was codenamed Argo) it then takes a detour into some unexpected territory. We follow Hemingway visiting China in 1941 where he met Chiang Kai-shek but also Chou En-lai his espionage and combat contributions in the Cuba and the Caribbean and then as war correspondent in France following D-Day. However the story picks the high gear subsequently when the House Un-American American Activities began probing communist sympathisers in 1947. This as Reynolds shows along with later Cold War episodes like the US-Cuba acrimony soon after Fidel Castro came to power on the island made Hemingway despairing and paranoid and started his decline till the time he picked up that shotgun that July morning in 1961. But more than the view of the writer s secret life the book s significance lies in showing how fanatical patriotism demonising an opponent and anyone who may even have had the slightest contact with him and constant calls to demonstrate loyalty can even wreak havoc on the strongest. Are these worth it? (Vikas Datta can be contacted at vikas.d@ians.in) --IANS vd/hs